NMN

NMN known as β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, is a derivative of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide), NMN structure can be divided into α and β two isomers, of which only β-NMN is a naturally occurring form, has biological activity. NMN itself is a naturally occurring substance in humans and living organisms. Naturally, NMN can be obtained from a variety of foods, such as broccoli and avocados, but due to the small amount of food, it is difficult for humans to fully meet their needs for NMN through diet.
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide is the precursor of NAD+, the cofactor of longevity protein in the human body. NAD+ is an important coenzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which promotes the metabolism of sugars, fats, and amino acids and participates in the synthesis of energy. NAD+ is also the only substrate for the Coenzyme I consuming enzyme (the only substrate for the DNA repair enzyme PARP, the only substrate for the long-lived protein Sirtuins, and the only substrate for the cyclic ADP ribose synthetase CD38/157).
Due to the large size of NAD+ molecule, it cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the human body, and the NAD+ directly ingested by mouth is mainly hydrolyzed by brush marginal cells in the small intestine. Studies have shown that NMN is the most effective precursor for the synthesis of NAD+ in the human body.
In addition, preclinical studies have shown that NMN has a variety of pharmacological activities in heart and brain ischemia, Alzheimer’s disease, diet and age-induced type 2 diabetes, and obesity.