Citicolin

Citicoline can stabilize the cell membrane by stimulating S-adenosine-L-methionine, increase the dendritic complexity and spinous process density of motor neuron structure, improve the plasticity of the nerve in the undamaged area, and promote functional recovery. It can reduce the level of water-soluble phosphatidyl phosphatidyl transferase (CCT) by up-regulating the level of phosphocholine cytidylyl transferase (CCT), and inhibit the activity of secretory phospholipase A2(PLA2), or inhibit the activation of PLA2 by inhibiting TNF-a/IL-1b, and reduce the loss of phospholipids, so as to increase the synthesis of phosphatidyl phosphatidyl transferase and repair the nerve cell membrane. It also increased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and inhibited the release of glutamate to reduce cytotoxicity. It can promote the rapid repair of damaged cell surface and mitochondrial membrane, maintain cell tightness and biological function, and reduce the release of free fatty acids, thereby reducing the generation of toxic oxygen metabolites and free radicals. It can increase the level of vasopressin and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, and stimulate the release of growth hormone, thyrotropin, and luteinizing hormone.